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Leica M5: yesterday's outcast, today's star?

Funny, how time changes things.   When introduced in 1971, the Leica M5  was usually condemned because of its large size-- despite the fact that the M5 was the first M with TTL metering.    I suspect that if it were introduced today, the size would not be that big an issue.  Beside one of today's top of the line DSLRs, the M5 looks downright small.

Today the M5 is often overlooked as a serious user, but I think it deserves a lot more attention as a great shooter with notable features.

It cannot be over-emphasized what a technological triumph the M5's TTL metering was in 1971.  The M5 was the first rangefinder with TTL metering, and an excellent metering system it was.  SLRs had TTL metering since the Topcon Super D in 1963.   The Nikon SPX rangefinder prototype from about 1962 had TTL metering, but it never made it to production.   For its time the M5's meter was among the most light sensitive made.

Personally, I prefer the feel and ergonomics of the M5 over all other film Leica M's, including the current production M7 and MP.  The M5 appeared in 1971, nineteen years after the M3's introduction.  Translation:  19 years of thinking about how to improve the M3.  The M5's only weak point compared to current production is a RF/VF which is not quite as good.  Otherwise, I prefer the ergonomics and camera operation of the M5.   The majority of new Leica buyers -- well off hobbyists -- preferred the feel of the classic M3 type body.   However the shooters -- the guys who made their living shooting Leicas --  mostly preferred the M5.  The proof of that is the majority of M5's show proportionately far more wear than any other M camera, except the digital M's which are again extremely popular with shooters.

• One of only five substantially new production Leica rangefinder designs.   Those five are the Leica A,  the M3, the M5, the CL, and most recently the M8.   Most Leica rangefinders are modifications of the A  and M3.

• The last regular production M to be built in the traditional "adjust and fit" method rather than the later "correct or replace" method initiated with the M4-2.

• The last M to be built in Wetzlar throughout its production run.

• The last regular production M to be built without later cost saving introduced in the M4-2.

• The only full size M with shutter speeds visible in the finder until the M7.

• The M5 introduced "black" chrome to the camera world.  While heralded as an improvement at the time, in service black chrome finishes don't wear as well as black paint cameras.   Black paint cameras, even if worn, have a pleasing aesthetic character about them.    Worn black chrome cameras have a tendency to just look worn and dirty (even if they aren't).

• M5 meter operation is simple, but unusual until you get used to it. 1st set the ASA on the top of the camera (from 6 to 3200).   Looking through the finder, you will see the shutter speed visible in the lower portion of the finder, and to the right of that a horizontal bar.  Two meter needles intersect that bar, one is controlled by the ASA dial and one is controlled by the light intensity.   Adjust shutter speed or f/stop until the three bars intersect.   It sounds more complicated in writing,  than it is in practice.  BE CAREFUL not to depress the shutter release while making a meter reading -- that will start to recess the meter cell which will give you an incorrect reading.

• For years the last regular production M to have an engraved Top plate -- a small thing to some people, a big thing to many long time Leica users and collectors.

• Due to the increased use of plastic in all of the Leica M models that followed, some technicians regard the M5 as the last of the best quality M bodies.

• Personally, I prefer the overall shooting experience of the M5 to the later M6 or current MP.

The twin strap lugs on the same end of the body mean you can carry the body vertically instead of horizontally. Cool!

• Largest and most convenient M shutter speed dial,  adjustable without taking the camera from your eye.  Very conveniently it overhangs the top plate, making for very comfortable and quick manipulation.  Aesthetically its centering around the advance is also more pleasing than a separate shutter speed dial, at least to my own eyes.

• First M with a hot shoe

• M5 has the M4's  35/135, 50, 90 finder, with shutter speeds and meter needles added.

• Shutter speeds are from 1/2 to 1/1000th.   Intermediate speeds can set  except between 1/30th to 1/60th.  1 second is possible by setting the camera on B and releasing the shutter with the self timer.

• The only full size M to have a spot meter.    The 8mm CDS cell translates to the  center 1/3 of your 24mm vertical film plane.  According to the 15th edition of the Leica Manual, which covered the M5 for the first time, this works out roughly equal to the following areas in the finder with the various lenses:  the 50mm frameline with 21m lenses, the 90mm frameline with 28mm lenses, the 135mm frameline with 35mm lenses, the four arcs of circle around the rangefinder patch (a unique M5 finder feature, just to indicate the metering pattern) for 50mm lenses, and the rangefinder focusing patch for 90 and 135mm lenses.

• The meter is an 8mm circular CDS cell which raises to the center of the film plane as the shutter is cocked, and lowers before the first curtain opens.   When metering make sure your finger is not on the shutter release, as that can partially lower the CDS cell and affect your meter reading.  The CDS cell only raises when a lens is mounted, or when you fool it by mounting a screw mount to bayonet adapter. 

• Batteries: The M5 was designed for 625 mercury batteries which are now illegal in many countries, including the US.  The best solution is probably the CRIS battery adapter, which adapts the battery compartment to a modern and easily available silver battery.

• Battery Check: Move the frame preview lever to the extreme left, away from the lens.  If the battery is good, one of the viewfinder bars will move into the cutout area on the lower right of the meter display.

• Lenses which project deeply into the body cavity may not give correct metering with the M5, worse, they may damage the meter cell.    The 21/4 Super Angulon and the 21/3.4 below # 2437251 must be modified by Leica before mounting on the M5, otherwise Leica warns of damage to the meter.  Likewise 28/2.8 Elmarits below number 2314921 must be modified by Leica before mounting on the M5, otherwise Leica warns of damage to the meter.    Likewise collapsible 50 and 90 lenses may be used on the M5, but NOT collapsed into the body.  The Voigtlander 50/2 Heliar is the only collapsible 50 I know of that can be safely collapsed into the M5.

• First M with a larger than M3 Body size.  The M8/M9 is also larger than an M3.  The M10 aka M240 is the largest digital M yet.   I don't have a M10 to photograph besides a M5, but the sizes are not that different.  While the M5 has a longer body, the M10 is much thicker and actually feels like a larger camera in my hands.

• Only M with my favorite same end twin body strap lugs, allowing vertical carrying of the camera.  This is a GREAT feature!

• M Seal: M3, M2, and M4 Leicas are famous for the black "seal" at the 12 o'clock lens mount position.  An intact seal is generally taken to mean that either the camera has never been opened up, or it was opened and resealed by Leica.  Not so the M5.  The M5 can easily be serviced without removing the seal!

• Double Exposures: the M5 is the first M to allow the photog to reliably make double exposures. As explained in the Leica Manual:    #1 shoot a blank frame with the lens cap ON.    #2 take up the tension on the film cassette by turning the rewind crank you feel tension, leave the rewind crank in extended position as shown in the pic below  #3  Turn the rewind release lever on the front of the camera downward, and hold it down as you cock the shutter #4  take the first exposure  #5 repeat step # 3 as many times as you like for multiple exposures.  #6 Fold rewind lever and move rewind release lever to vertical position for normal shooting.

• Things to Look Out For:

      1) If part or all of the viewfinder is blacked out, it has major problems and will likely need a replacement rangefinder.  Don't buy the camera unless its very cheap for parts.    

      2) Separated prisms - focus the rangefinder patch on something white.  The RF images should be clear with no "wiggly" patterns looking similar to dirt on a dirty window.  If you see those patterns, its likely

          the prisms need re-cementing.  SFAIK Leica does not offer this service, their solution is a new M5 rangefinder mechanism.  However many repair people can do the job, like Don Goldberg.

          Do no confuse this condition with a few specs of dirt in the RF, which is usually recognizable as sharp black specs in the RF image which are easily cleanable.

      3) Slow speeds are often too slow, indicating a CLA is in order.  Don't let this bother you, as any film Leica older than 15 years is a likely CLA candidate - if it was not already done

      4) Battery Corrosion - this may kill the meter as replacement battery compartments are hard to find

      5) Stripped battery cap threads - you can probably work around this, but it can be a pain

      6) Check both cloth curtains for holes.  Open up the back and remove the lens.  Hold the camera towards a window or light.  Advance the shutter to look at one curtain, then release the shutter

          to look at the other curtain.  IF you see light leaks,  at the least the curtain needs to be patched.  If one curtain needs replacement, it's a good idea to have your tech replace both at the same time.

      7) Many M5's were very heavily used -- which likely translates to more than their share of repair problems today

The M5's rewind lever is ratcheted and on the base plate, both M firsts.  The M5's rewind lever is larger than the other M's, making it larger and faster to use.

Notice even the interior of the base plate is nicely finished...something you don't see on later Leicas.

Unfortunately for Leica, the M5 was not a sales success.  New M5's  were sitting on dealer's shelves for years after production stopped.  For decades the M5 existed in relative obscurity as "Leica's  failure" -- a title I don't think it really deserves in terms of its usefulness.   As explained on my CL page, I think a most of the M5's sales problems had to do with the lower priced and extremely successful Leica CL.   Nevertheless, the M5 took the fall and its excellent body has not been  reintroduced.     The M5 was rediscovered about 1994 by Japanese collectors.  Used prices more than doubled, and maintained there.     Today the M5 offers collectors important historical features, and shooters important shooting advantages.   

Variations:

• Earlier M5's have 2 straps lugs only on the end of the body, chrome and black chrome versions

• Later M5's have 3 strap lugs, so the M5 could also be carried horizontally (not cool), chrome and black versions

• The rarest M5's are the black and chrome 50th Anniversary M5's with special 50th Anniversary engraving

• Production: Chrome 10,700 and  Black 23,150 including special Leica 50th Anniversary (1,550 or 1,750 depending upon source)

• Note the M5 was only available in black chrome or silver chrome, unfortunately M5's never left the factory in black paint.

Yesterday's and today's Leicas, the IIIf Red Dial, M6 TTL, and M5.

The M5 is roughly the size of the Canon 7s, and much smaller than today's DSLRs like the Nikon D3.  

Instead of reading how "large" the M5 is in the various Leica books, try it for yourself.  You might be pleasantly surprised by its fit in your hands and its immanently usable features.

Mind Trick! Put it besides the new M10 aka M240, and the large M5 no longer seems so large!

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Revised: April 22, 2013 .  Copyright � 1998-2013 Stephen Gandy. All rights reserved.    This means you may NOT copy and re-use the text or the pictures in ANY other internet or printed publication of ANY kind.  Information in this document is subject to change without notice.  Other products and companies referred to herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or mark holders.